树突状细胞是机体内功能最强的抗原递呈细胞,目前其已成为肿瘤生物治疗的热点。如何激活树突状细胞和得到大量树突状细胞是以树突状细胞为基础的肿瘤主动免疫治疗的关键所在。近来树突状细胞的体外培养扩增技术日益成熟,但仍存在树突状细胞大量扩增方法的最优化和树突状细胞的异质性问题。本文介绍了树突状细胞的生物学特性、体外培养方法,体外扩增及其影响因素。 Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the body. At present, they have become a hot spot in tumor biological treatment. How to activate dendritic cells and obtain a large number of dendritic cells is the key to dendritic cell-based active tumor immunotherapy. Recently, dendritic cells are increasingly mature in vitro and in vivo. However, there are still some problems in the optimization of dendritic cell population and the dendritic cell heterogeneity. This article describes the biological characteristics of dendritic cells, in vitro culture methods, in vitro amplification and its influencing factors.