“自利”假设是经济学的基本假设之一,实验经济学采用一系列经典的博弈实验来验证这一假设,发现这一假设与人们的实际行为存在系统偏差,并将此归因于人们的公平偏好。实验还显示,公平偏好具有重要的经济学意义。据此,新的理论模型沿着两条思路来解释公平偏好:第一类理论模型认为人们注重分配结果公平;第二类理论模型则认为人们具有“对等”意图。本文对上述实验和理论研究进行了综述和简要评论。 The hypothesis of “self-interest” is one of the basic assumptions in economics. Experimental economics uses a series of classic game experiments to test this hypothesis and finds that there is a systematic bias between this hypothesis and people’s actual behavior and attributed it to people’s Fair preference. Experiments also show that fair preference has important economic significance. Accordingly, the new theoretical model explains fairness preferences along two lines of thought: the first model assumes that people pay attention to the distribution of fairness; the second model thinks that people have the “reciprocal” intention. This article reviews and briefly reviews the above experimental and theoretical studies.