微小RNA(miRNAs)是内源性合成的小非编码RNA,通过妨碍蛋白的翻译或者诱导靶mRNA的降解调控基因的表达,在调节生物体生长、发育和疾病发生相关基因的表达过程中起到重要作用[1]。目前有关miRNAs在疾病的发生发展中的作用成为国内外研究热点,大量研究表明,很多妇科疾病中存在miRNAs表达异常,其在妇科疾病的发生、诊断、治疗、预后及疗效观察等方面具有重要意义。现对miRNAs的生物学特性及其与妇科疾病关系的研究进展做一综述。 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes by interfering with protein translation or inducing the degradation of target mRNAs to regulate the growth, development and expression of genes involved in disease development Important role [1]. At present, the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of diseases has become a hot research field at home and abroad. A large number of studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in many gynecological diseases and are of great significance in the occurrence, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and observation of the effects of gynecological diseases . The biological characteristics of miRNAs and their relationship with gynecological diseases are reviewed.