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一、实验原理纸上层析是用滤纸作为支持剂的一种色层分析法。滤纸上所吸附的水分作为固定相,把要分离的试样(如红墨水和蓝墨水的混和物)点在滤纸上,然后放在作为流动相的有机溶剂酒精中(也叫展开剂)。展开剂沿滤纸流动,利用试样中的物质在流动相中的溶解度不同(即分配系数不同),如红墨水中主要成分品红易溶于酒精,蓝墨水中主要成分鞣酸难溶于酒精,所以移动速度不同。借毛细管作用,红墨水随展开剂上升快,蓝墨水被固定相所固定(组成滤纸的纤维素上的-OH 基能吸附水),从而达到分离的目的。当然这里不单是一个分配过程,还有离子交换和吸附作用。
First, the experimental principle Paper chromatography is a chromatography method using filter paper as a support agent. The adsorbed moisture on the filter paper is used as the stationary phase, and the sample to be separated (such as the mixture of red ink and blue ink) is spotted on the filter paper and then placed in the organic solvent alcohol (also called developer) as the mobile phase. The developer flows along the filter paper, and the solubility of the substance in the sample in the mobile phase is different (ie, the partition coefficient is different). For example, the main component of the red ink is red soluble in alcohol, and the main component of the blue ink is not soluble in alcohol. , so the speed of movement is different. By capillary action, the red ink rises rapidly with the developing agent, and the blue ink is fixed by the stationary phase (the -OH group on the cellulose constituting the filter paper can adsorb water), thereby achieving the purpose of separation. Of course not only a distribution process but also ion exchange and adsorption.