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循环核酸是指存在于血液(血浆或血清)中的细胞外游离DNA和RNA。肿瘤患者血循环中核酸含量明显高于正常人,研究证实其来源于肿瘤细胞,并且与原发肿瘤有着结构或功能上的某些一致性,因此循环核酸对肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后评估都可能有重要价值。本文对当前血浆(血清)DNA如Ras和p53基因突变、微卫星改变、肿瘤抑癌基因启动子的高甲基化和肿瘤相关病毒DNA等以及肿瘤相关RNA如酪氨酸酶RNA、端粒酶成分RNA、不同肿瘤相关基因编码的mRNA和病毒RNA等检测在肿瘤诊断和预后中的应用及其意义进行了综述,并展望循环核酸测定的应用前景。
Circulating nucleic acids refer to extracellular free DNA and RNA present in the blood (plasma or serum). The tumor blood circulation in patients with significantly higher levels of nucleic acid, the study confirmed that it comes from tumor cells, and with the primary tumor has some structural or functional consistency, so the diagnosis of circulating nucleic acid on the tumor, treatment and prognosis assessment may Have important value. In this paper, the current plasma (serum) DNA such as Ras and p53 gene mutations, microsatellite changes, tumor suppressor gene promoter hypermethylation and tumor-associated virus DNA and tumor-related RNA such as tyrosinase RNA, telomerase RNA , The application of different tumor-related genes encoding mRNA and viral RNA in tumor diagnosis and prognosis and its significance are reviewed, and the prospect of circulating nucleic acid assay is prospected.