人类使用医药治病已有几千年历史,并从中总结出大量成功的经验,但很少去总结它失败的教训。前几年逝世的美国医学家 E.C.兰伯特博士,曾就医药学对人类的贡献作出如下的评价:“早几个世纪,从总体来说,是更多的病人受害,较少的患者治愈。二十世纪是治疗的时代。从此就开始了对疾病进行有效的治疗和预防。与以往的全部年月相比,今天的医学进展是更巨大、更有意义和更有决定性的。”然而,医学进展也伴随着许多医源性疾病。二十世纪的头七十年,由于医学概念的错误、实验技术的错误以及药物毒性、特异质反应和超剂量给药,已经造成世界上三十多起重大的事故。现结合造成医药错误的原因简要地介绍如下。一、错误医学理论的危害本世纪初,一位著名的医学家曾提出内脏下垂和自身中毒的医学理论。内脏下 Humans have used medical treatment for thousands of years and summed up a great deal of successful experience, but rarely summed up the lessons of its failure. Dr. Lambert, the American physician who died a few years ago, has made the following comments about the contributions of medical science to human beings: “In earlier centuries, more patients were harmed and fewer patients were cured The twentieth century was the era of treatment, and since then the disease has been effectively treated and prevented, and today’s advances in medicine are greater, more meaningful and more decisive than all the previous years. ”" However, medical advances are accompanied by many iatrogenic diseases. In the first seventy years of the twentieth century, more than thirty major accidents in the world have been caused by errors in medical concepts, experimental technical errors and drug toxicity, idiosyncratic reactions and overdosage. Now combined with the causes of medical errors briefly introduced below. First, the harm of false medical theory At the beginning of this century, a famous medical scientist had put forward the medical theory of visceral ptosis and poisoning itself. Under the viscera