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目的了解青少年骨密度水平以及影响骨密度变化的相关因素,为制定促进青少年骨发育的有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法分层整群选取唐山市2所中学的七年级至高三年级的1 583名学生作为调查对象,经学生和家长知情同意,进行骨健康相关因素调查、体格测量和右足跟骨骨密度测定,建立数据库,采用SAS 9.1.3软件包统计分析。结果青少年超声骨密度的声波传导速度(speed of sound,SOS)值范围在(1 476~1 654)m/s,平均值为(1 541.3±23.1)m/s,16岁开始男生各年龄段SOS值均高于女生(P值均<0.05);男生13~18岁SOS值随年龄增长而升高(P<0.05),18~19岁SOS值差异无统计学意义;女生13~17岁SOS值随年龄增长而升高(P<0.05),17~18岁SOS值差异无统计学意义,18~19岁SOS值略有增长(P<0.05)。对青少年SOS值有正性影响作用的因素由大到小依次是饮奶情况、食用鱼虾情况、食用豆制品情况、食用蔬菜情况、体质量指数(BMI)、运动方式、睡眠时间、第二性征出现、活动总时间;而被动吸烟对青少年SOS值有负性影响。结论青少年期骨密度快速增长。应针对影响因素进行控制和干预,以促进更高骨量的积累。
Objective To understand the bone mineral density in adolescents and related factors that affect the changes of bone mineral density in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective interventions to promote bone development in adolescents. Methods stratified cluster selection of Tangshan City, two secondary schools in the seventh grade to the third grade of 1,583 students as the survey object, with the informed consent of students and parents for bone health related factors survey, physical measurements and right heel bone mineral density measurement, Establish a database using SAS 9.1.3 software package statistical analysis. Results The value of speed of sound (SOS) value of ultrasound bone mineral density in adolescents ranged from (1 476 to 1 654) m / s with an average of (5441.3 ± 23.1) m / s. The SOS values of boys aged 13 to 18 years increased with age (P <0.05), and the differences of SOS between 18 and 19 years old had no statistical significance. The female students aged 13 to 17 years The SOS value increased with age (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in SOS between 17 and 18 years old, but a slight increase in SOS between 18 and 19 years old (P <0.05). The positive effect of SOS value on adolescents was followed by drinking milk, consumption of fish and shrimp, consumption of soy products, consumption of vegetables, body mass index (BMI), exercise pattern, sleep time, and second Sexual appearance, total activity time; and passive smoking has a negative impact on adolescent SOS value. Conclusion Adolescent bone mineral density increased rapidly. Control and intervention should be based on influencing factors to promote the accumulation of higher bone mass.