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法国于1988年10月28日和1990年7月24日将直播卫星TDF-1和TDF-2送入轨道,每颗卫星寿命9年,可直播5路电视。 1989年8月,TDF-1卫星上的一个行波管(汤姆逊公司制造)(1频道),因姿控推力器的燃料泄漏,离子化的燃气引起电路短路,使该行波管不能工作,由地面指令切换到备份行波管,代替该行波管。 1990年7月18日,TDF-1卫星又有一行波管(AEG公司制造) (17频道)的电流突然增加,行波管工作不稳定。由于是母线电路故障,8月6日,地面指令切断该行波管电路。此时TDF-1卫星已无备份行波管,只得将17频道的电视广播切换到TDF-2
On October 28, 1988 and July 24, 1990, France put direct-broadcast satellites TDF-1 and TDF-2 into orbit. Each satellite has a 9-year lifespan and can broadcast 5 channels of live television. In August 1989, a traveling wave tube (made by Thomson) on the TDF-1 satellite (channel 1) was ionized by gas due to fuel leaks in the attitude control thruster, causing the circuit to be short-circuited so that the traveling-wave tube could not work , By the ground instruction to switch to the backup traveling wave tube, instead of the traveling wave tube. On July 18, 1990, another wave of TDF-1 satellite (made by AEG) (channel 17) suddenly increased in current and the TWT was unstable. Because it is a bus circuit fault, August 6, the ground command to cut off the wave tube circuit. At this time TDF-1 satellite has no backup traveling wave tube, only to switch the TV channel 17 to TDF-2