突变是指染色体上某一基因突然变为另一类型的基因。本文将秋水仙素诱导的多倍体也包含在突变中。突变有自然发生和诱变发生两种类型。自然发生的突变就是柑桔芽变选种的遗传基础,现有的绝大多数优良柑桔品种,如华盛顿脐橙、温州蜜柑、葡萄抽都是来自于芽变,而且它们还在不断地芽变,产生新的品系。 Mutation refers to a gene on the chromosome suddenly into another type of gene. Colchicine-induced polyploidy is also included in the mutation. Mutations occur naturally and mutagenesis occurs in two types. The natural mutation is the genetic basis for the selection of citrus buds. Most of the existing fine citrus varieties, such as Washington Navel Orange, Satsuma Mandarin, Grape are derived from budding, and they are still sprouting , Resulting in a new line.