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为了弄清合金元素对镍基自熔合金的组织结构和性能的影响,利用微观分析技术和其它测试手段,研究了硼、硅、碳、铬在合金中的存在形式及其对合金的固、液相线温度,硬度和耐磨性的影响。在Ni-B-Si合金系中,硼与镍形成Ni_3B相;硅固溶于镍基固溶体,当过饱和时,形成Ni-Si中间相;随着硼和硅含盈的增加,合金的固、液相线温度下降,而硬度和耐磨性提高。在Ni-Cr-B-Si合金系中,铬与镍形成固溶体,并分别与硼和碳形成CrB和Cr_3C_2硬质相,由于硬质相的存在,合金的耐磨性大大提高。碳对于上述两个合金系列有着不同的影响:在Ni-B-Si合金中,碳含量高时,形成石墨相,这使得合金的硬度和耐磨性略有降低;而在Ni-Cr-B-Si合金中,碳与铬形成Cr_3C_2相,提高合金的硬度和耐磨性。
In order to find out the effect of alloying elements on microstructure and properties of Ni-based self-fluxing alloy, the microscopic analysis techniques and other testing methods were used to study the existing forms of boron, silicon, Liquidus temperature, hardness and wear resistance. In the Ni-B-Si alloy system, boron and nickel form Ni_3B phases; silicon dissolves in the nickel-based solid solution, and when saturated, Ni-Si mesophase forms; , The liquidus temperature decreases, while the hardness and wear resistance increase. In the Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy system, chromium forms a solid solution with nickel and forms CrB and Cr_3C_2 hard phases with boron and carbon respectively. Due to the hard phase, the wear resistance of the alloy is greatly improved. Carbon has a different effect on the two alloys described above: In Ni-B-Si alloys, the graphite phase is formed when the carbon content is high, which leads to a slight decrease in the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy; whereas in Ni-Cr-B -Si alloy, carbon and chromium form Cr_3C_2 phase, improve the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy.