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本文利用同步辐射 (软X射线 )辐照 3个冬小麦品种 ,从形态学、细胞学上研究了M1 代生物损伤和M2 代诱变效应。结果表明 :同步辐射抑制了M1 代幼苗、植株的生长 ,引起育性、结实率下降 ,M1 代的生理损伤在幼苗生长早期大于γ射线 ,在生育晚期则小于γ射线。细胞学研究表明 ,同步辐射抑制了细胞有丝分裂 ,明显地降低了细胞分裂指数 ,引起了细胞染色体的结构损伤 ,染色体畸变类型不同于γ射线 ,造成的生物损伤大于γ射线。同步辐射诱发了M2 代较宽的突变谱 ,出现了多种有益性状变异 ,适宜的诱变剂量范围为 2 0 0～ 2 5 0Gy ,小于γ射线 (2 5 0～ 35 0Gy)。
In this paper, three winter wheat cultivars were irradiated by synchrotron radiation (soft X-ray), and the biological damage in M1 and the mutagenesis in M2 were studied morphologically and cytologically. The results showed that synchrotron radiation inhibited the growth of seedlings and plants in M1 generation, and caused fertility and seed setting rate. The physiological damage of M1 generation was greater than that of γ-ray in the early growth stage and less in the later stage of growth. Cytology studies show that synchrotron radiation inhibits cell mitosis, significantly reduces the cell division index, causing structural damage in the chromosome of the cell. The type of chromosomal aberrations is different from gamma rays, resulting in greater biological damage than gamma rays. Synchrotron radiation induced a broad mutation spectrum in M2 generation, and many beneficial trait variation appeared. The suitable mutagenesis dose ranged from 200 to 250 Gy, less than 250 to 35 Gy.