毛泽东在他的审美实践中,创立了独具特色的审美认识论。我们尝试着以他的认识论为导向,结合其他方面的论述,从以下七个方面作些阐释。不当之处,愿得到各位名家的校正。 一 审美认识的出发点 毛泽东在他的《实践论》中谈到了一般认识的出发点:“从认识过程的秩序说来,感觉经验是第一性的,我们强调社会实践在认识过程中的意义,就在于只有社会实践才能使人的认识开始发生,开始从客观外界得到感觉经验,”这就是说,一般认识从感觉开始。 毛泽东在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话,谈到了审美认识的出发点,即艺术美源于生活。他谈到的生活就不同于一般的感觉经验,而是生活的形象美。 这样就揭示出审美认识的出发点,不是感觉,而是完整的形象。这两种看法虽然都承认认识“开始于经验”,但所取得的经验形态却是不同的。一般认识所取得的“感觉经验”,“只看到各种事物的现象方面,看到各个事物的片面,看到各个事物之间的外部联系”。而审美认识所取得的是“形象经验”,它一开 Mao Zedong in his aesthetic practice, created a unique aesthetic epistemology. We try to use his epistemology-oriented, combined with other aspects of the discussion, from the following seven aspects to explain. Inappropriate place, willing to get your name correction. Mao Zedong talked about the starting point of his general understanding in his Practical Theory: “From the point of view of the process of the process, feeling experience is first-rate, and we emphasize the significance of social practice in the process of cognition Is that only social practice can make people’s awareness begin to take place and begin to get sensory experience from the objective outside world. ”That is to say, general knowledge begins with feeling. Mao Zedong speech in Yanan Forum on Literature and Art talked about the starting point of aesthetic understanding, that is, art originates from life. He talked about life is different from the general experience of feeling, but the beauty of life image. This reveals the starting point of aesthetic understanding, not feeling, but a complete image. Although both views acknowledge that “starting from experience”, the experience gained is different. The general experience of “sensory experience” is obtained by “seeing only the phenomena of various things, seeing the one-sidedness of all things and seeing the external relations among all things.” What the aesthetic cognition has achieved is “the image experience”