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先秦至唐五代語氣詞主要有三個來源:詞彙的語法化、短語和跨層結構的詞彙化、音變衍生,以前兩種爲主。基本特徵:從語義、句法功能爲主過渡到以語用功能爲主;句法地位逐漸降低,從句子的語義真值條件看,很多時候可有可無;從最初作用於詞、短語層面提升到句子(小句)層面,成爲語氣標記。語氣詞的衍生受以下三個方面的影響和制約:語義;句法結構和語境;語氣詞系統。這三個因素的合力形成一定的演變模式,從而促使某些演變在漢語史上反復發生,如平行演變、語義沾染等。
There are three main sources of tone words from the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties: the grammaticalization of vocabulary, the lexicalization of phrases and cross-layer structures, the derivative transformation of phonology, and the two former ones. Basic features: from semantic and syntactic functions to pragmatic functions; syntactic status is gradually reduced. Seen from the conditions of semantic truth of sentences, it is often dispensable. From the initial effect on words and phrases To the sentence (small) level, a tone of tone. The derivation of modal particles is influenced and restricted by three aspects: semantics; syntactic structure and context; modal particle system. The combination of these three factors forms a certain pattern of evolution, prompting some evolution to occur repeatedly in Chinese history, such as parallel evolution and semantic contamination.