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目的:探讨体育课中不同身体练习方式对高二学生体成分的影响。方法:以上海市某中学3个班级94名高二学生为实验对象,分为力量组(男13人,女18人)、耐力组(男14人,女18人)及力量与耐力组合组(组合组,男14人,女17人),另选31名高二学生作为常规体育课对照组(男14人,女17人)。分别进行18周相同运动强度的力量、耐力、力量与耐力组合练习及常规体育课,组合组采用力量组和耐力组的练习方法,只是力量与耐力练习的次数相应减少,运动强度与力量组、耐力组及对照组相同。结果:1)力量组学生的体重、BMI、体脂肪量、去脂体重、肌肉量非常显著性增加(P<0.01),体脂肪率显著增加(P<0.05);2)耐力组受试者的体成分各项指标在实验前后呈非常显著性下降(P<0.01);3)组合组受试者的体脂肪量、体脂肪率、肌肉含量非常显著性下降(P<0.01),去脂体重显著增长(P<0.05);4)对照组受试者的体脂肪率在实验前后显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:1)力量练习可以有效地增加高二学生的体重、BMI、去脂体重、肌肉量;2)耐力练习对降低高二学生体重、BMI、脂肪量、体脂肪率、肌肉量有显著的作用;3)力量与耐力组合练习可以有效地降低高二学生的体脂肪量、体脂肪率、肌肉量,增加其去脂体重;4)力量与耐力组合练习的效果并不是简单的力量练习和耐力练习效果的叠加,提示在日常的体育课中为维持高二学生健康,应考虑合理安排力量练习和耐力练习。
Objective: To explore the effect of different body exercises on the body composition of high school students in physical education. Methods: A total of 94 high school students from three classes in a middle school in Shanghai were divided into three groups: male (13 male and female 18), endurance male (male 14, female 18) and strength and endurance group Combination group, 14 males and 17 females). Another 31 high school students were selected as control group (14 males and 17 females). The exercises of strength, endurance, strength and endurance combined exercise and routine physical education at the same exercise intensity for 18 weeks, the practice method of using strength group and endurance group in combination group, respectively, only reduced the number of strength and endurance exercises, and the exercise intensity and strength group, Endurance group and control group the same. Results: 1) The body weight, BMI, body fat mass, lean body fat mass and muscle mass in power group were significantly increased (P <0.01), body fat percentage was significantly increased (P <0.05); 2) (P <0.01). (3) The body fat percentage, body fat percentage and muscle content in the combination group were significantly decreased (P <0.01), while those in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). 4) The body fat percentage of the control group decreased significantly before and after the experiment (P <0.01). Conclusions: 1) Strength training can effectively increase the body weight, BMI, lean body mass and muscle mass in high school students; 2) Endurance exercises have a significant effect on reducing body weight, BMI, fat mass, body fat percentage and muscle mass; 3) Combination of strength and endurance exercises can effectively reduce the sophomore’s body fat, body fat, muscle mass, increase their lean body weight; 4) The combination of strength and endurance effect is not a simple strength exercises and endurance exercises effect Superposition, suggesting that in daily physical education in order to maintain the sophomore health, should consider the rational arrangement of strength exercises and endurance exercises.