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新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis，NEC)是一种严重的新生儿胃肠道炎性疾病，由于目前预防和治疗的选择仍然有限，发病率和死亡率依然较高。围产期异常因素会导致患儿局部肠道炎症并发生不恰当的炎症级联反应，最后引发NEC的发生发展。近年来CD4n ＋T淋巴细胞在NEC发生发展中的作用越来越受到关注。本综述是在介绍CD4n ＋T细胞亚群辅助性T细胞17(Th17)与调节性T细胞(Treg)及其平衡调节的分子基础上，总结近年来关于Th17/Treg细胞及其平衡在NEC发生发展中作用的研究进展，对深刻认识NEC发病机制以及临床诊疗提供新的思路。n “,”Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe neonatal gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. Due to the limitations of current prevention and treatment options, morbidity and mortality have remained high. Abnormal perinatal factors cause local intestinal inflammation, inappropriate inflammatory cascades and eventually the development of NEC. In recent years, the role of CD4n + T lymphocytes in the occurrence and development of NEC has received more and more attention. This review focused upon the introductions of CD4n + T cell subsets, helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) and their molecular regulation of balance. Research insights on the role of development provided new rationales for gaining a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC and its clinical diagnosis and treatment.n