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由禾谷镰孢菌群Fusarium graminearum clade引起的赤霉病是小麦的重要病害。为明确山东省小麦赤霉病菌的种群组成及其致病力,于2011年和2012年从山东省15地市分离了95株小麦赤霉病菌,在形态和分子生物学鉴定种的基础上,采用鉴定B型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行毒素化学型分析。在95个菌株中,93株分离物为禾谷镰孢菌F.graminearum,2株为燕麦镰孢菌F.avenaceum。94株分离物为脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)化学型,1株为雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(nivalenol,NIV)化学型。在94株DON毒素化学型菌株中,90株为15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-AcDON)化学型,4株为3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3-AcDON)化学型。在小麦扬花期,采用单花滴注接种法对29个菌株进行了致病力测定,供试菌株的致病力分化明显。表明在山东省冬小麦产区,产15-AcDON毒素的F.gra-minearum是小麦赤霉病菌的优势种群。
Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum clade is an important wheat disease. In order to clarify the population composition and virulence of Fusarium graminearum in Shandong Province, 95 strains of Fusarium graminearum were isolated from 15 cities of Shandong Province in 2011 and 2012. Based on the morphological and molecular identification of species, Toxin chemical profiling was performed using specific primers that identified type B toxin chemistry. Of the 95 strains, 93 isolates were F. graminearum and 2 were F.avenaceum. Ninety-four isolates were deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes and one was a nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. Among the 94 DON poison chemical strains, 90 were 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) and 4 were 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-AcDON) chemical type. In the flowering stage of wheat, 29 strains were tested for their pathogenicity by single instillation inoculation method, and the pathogenicity differentiation of the tested strains was obvious. The results showed that F. gra-minearum producing 15-AcDON toxin was the dominant species of Fusarium graminearum in winter wheat production area of Shandong Province.