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本年度的生理学或医学诺贝尔奖由纽约市洛克菲勒大学的Gunter Blobel获得,因为他发现蛋白在制造时带有嵌入的地址标签,这些地址签指引它们到达细胞内的目的地。细胞含有一些分隔空间,蛋白在这些空间内完成不同的任务。例如,DNA在胞核中被转录,能量在线粒体中产生,蛋白从细胞内排出则与内质网有关。这些分隔空间的分界线是由蛋白多半不能透过的脂类膜形成的。但是,大多数蛋白是在空间周围的液体——细胞质中制造的。这就产生了以下问题:这些蛋白如何知道到
This year’s Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prize was won by Gunter Blobel of Rockefeller University in New York City for his discovery that proteins are made with embedded address tags that direct them to a destination within the cell. Cells contain some compartments, and proteins perform different tasks in these spaces. For example, DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, energy is produced in mitochondria, and protein excretion in cells is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The dividing line between these compartments is formed by lipid membranes that are largely impervious to protein. However, most proteins are made in the liquid-cytoplasmic space around them. This raises the question of how these proteins are known