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在日常教学中，我们不难发现，语文功底较好的学生也能较快地提升英语语言运用能力。究其原因，英语及语言内含文化所要传递的信息往往要先经过我们母语文化的过滤，我们在学习一门外语时首先要用“中文思维”，继而再转换成“英文思维”。在学习英语的初期，把母语作为辅助手段是十分必要的，以母语为基础的翻译教学法则虽然传统但也有效，它能够利用学生的理解力保证了学生快速理解英语词汇和句子的含义。
但是，当学生进入到语篇学习时，会发现这样的“字面翻译”反而成为了一种障碍。例如：
One sunny afternoon， a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods before she realized that she was lost.
…
When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her，the girl said，“you rescued me，Laddy，”and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back， the parents breathed a sigh of . That night Laddy had a hero’s supper： a huge meal of steak
A. pain B. shock C. relief D. sorrow
我教的两个班的学生中，在做这道完形填空题时超过一半的学生选择了B. shock，他们的理由大多数是“走失的女儿由一条狗带回来了，不应该是震惊吗？”从中文翻译出来的字面意思来看，不能说他们的理解完全错了。这不禁让人开始思考，为什么他们认为“震惊”是对的，而事实上shock是错的呢？我想，当中最主要的区别在于，中文的“震惊”表示因受到意外刺激而感到紧张、害怕或兴奋，跟英语的shock所表达的情感含义不尽相同。当我引导他们放弃中文解释，从英文解释去入手时，他们马上就明白了当中的差别了。
shock—If you have a shock，something suddenly happens which is unpleasant， upsetting， or very disappointing.
relief—If you feel a sense of relief，you feel happy because something unpleasant has not happened or is no longer happening.
有的同学很多时候在做完形填空时对情感把握有偏差；写作文时词不达意、表述不清，通篇Chinglish。有的同学把高考要求的3600单词背得滚瓜烂熟，但是写作文时用对用好的词不多。我想很大程度上是因为他们已经习惯了“翻译”，连课本的单词表都是一个单词对应一个中文意思。可是，两种语言之间的转换是不可能有这样的“字对字”翻译的，有一些英语单词甚至不可能在中文里找到一个固定的词意来解释，它们会被翻译成不同的中文意思来配合语境的传达，available 就是一个很好的例子。
1.有新音乐专辑发售时，我们可以看到“Available Now”（正在热售）的宣传广告。
2. 听新闻可以经常听到“No comment available”（无可奉告）。
3. 订酒店的时候可能被告知“This is the only room available”（这是唯一可用的房间）。
4. 邀请别人时可能遭到拒绝“I am not available tonight”（我今晚没空）。
5. 遇到特大事故时新闻会报道“Every available doctor was called to the scene”（所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场）。
因此，笔者认为，对于已经积累了一定英语语言基础、将要面对高考的高中生来说，逐步放弃“中英对译”，转而学习利用“英英释义”，是“中文思维”向“英语思维”的转换，真正掌握地道英语的一个关键。
以下是几组高考高频词汇，现用英英释义将其比较：
1. study（研究，课题）—a careful examination or analysis of a phenomenon，development，or question
research（研究， 调查）a careful study of sth. in order to discover new facts or imformation about it
2. realize （了解，意识到） —If you realize that something is true，you become aware of that fact or understand it.
recognize（认出，承认）—If you recognize someone or something，you know who that person is or what that thing is.
3. possible（可能的）—If it is possible to do something，it can be done or achieved.
probable（可能的，大概的）—If you say that something is probable，you mean that it is likely to be true or likely to happen. 4. gradually（逐步地，渐渐地）—If something changes or is done gradually，it changes or is done in small stages over a long period of time， rather than suddenly.
slowly（缓慢地）—something that is slow moves，happens，or is done without much speed
5. principle（原则，准则）—a basic truth， law，or assumption；a general belief that you have about the way you should behave，which influences your behaviour
theory（理论，原理）—a formal idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something
6. single （单一的，适于一人的）—consisting of one in number；used to emphasize that you are referring to one particular person or thing on its own
individual （个人的，个别的）—considered separately rather than as part of a group；typical of one particular person or thing in a way that is different from others
7. sight（视野，景象）—field of vision； something that you see
scene（场面，现场）—the place where something happen，especially something unpleasant；an incident
8. real（真实的，现实的）—something that is real actually exists and is not imagined，invented，or theoretical；A material or object that is real is natural or functioning，and not artificial or an imitation.
true（真实的，正确的）—connected with facts； consistent with fact or reality； not false
9. persuade（说服，劝服）—to make someone agree to do something by giving them good reasons for doing it
convince （说服，使相信） —to make someone believe that something is true
10. price （价格，价值） —the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy it
cost（价钱，费用）—the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
charge（要价，收费）—the amount of money you are asked to pay for suing something or for a service
11. normal（正常的，标准的）— used to describe something that is what you would expect and is the same as others of the same type
usual（普通的，平常的）— used to describe what happens or what is done most often in a particular situation
ordinary（普通的，平凡的）—used to describe something that is not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree
12. act（行动，行为）—a single thing that someone does
action（行动，手段）—something that you do on a particular occasion or for a particular purpose
deed（行为，行动）—something that is done， especially something that is very good or very bad
performance（表现，性能）—the act or process of performing a task
13. obvious（明显的）—easy to see or understand without prove or explanation
evident（明显的）—You use evident to show that you are certain about a situation or fact and your interpretation of it.
14. fortune（财富，命运）—a large amount of money；chance or luck， especially in the way it affects people’s lives
treasure （宝藏，珍宝）—a collection of valuable things such as gold， silver and jewellery
15. cause （原因，动机）—the person or thing that makes something happen
reason（原因，理由）—an explanation for something that has happened or that someone has done.
英语教学及翻译专家吴炳钟教授曾经在一次访谈中提到：“在上大学以前由于不懂得如何直接用英语思考，不明白英语思维和汉语思维的差异，觉得英语学习非常艰辛。”而在北平的辅仁大学念大一的时候，英语老师强烈告诫他们“不用英英词典就学不好英文”。他的英文思维也就是在坚持英英词典当中慢慢培养起来了。所以他认为，要学好英语，“那就要早些使用英英词典，并且，养成每天查英英词典的习惯”。我非常赞同吴炳钟老师的这一观点。我认为，不管是老师在课堂上的讲解、还是课后学生自主学习，强化英英释义在很大程度上都可以帮助学生巩固、扩大词汇和提高英语表达能力。英语表达能力要建立在理解基础上，在通过英英释义对词、词组准确到位的理解，以及大量接触英语原文注释和例句的过程中，学生实际上已处于一个潜移默化的小环境中。长期坚持，相信可以掌握地道的英语，摆脱Chinglish。
（作者单位：顺德区容山中学）
责任编校 蒋小青
但是，当学生进入到语篇学习时，会发现这样的“字面翻译”反而成为了一种障碍。例如：
One sunny afternoon， a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods before she realized that she was lost.
…
When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her，the girl said，“you rescued me，Laddy，”and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back， the parents breathed a sigh of . That night Laddy had a hero’s supper： a huge meal of steak
A. pain B. shock C. relief D. sorrow
我教的两个班的学生中，在做这道完形填空题时超过一半的学生选择了B. shock，他们的理由大多数是“走失的女儿由一条狗带回来了，不应该是震惊吗？”从中文翻译出来的字面意思来看，不能说他们的理解完全错了。这不禁让人开始思考，为什么他们认为“震惊”是对的，而事实上shock是错的呢？我想，当中最主要的区别在于，中文的“震惊”表示因受到意外刺激而感到紧张、害怕或兴奋，跟英语的shock所表达的情感含义不尽相同。当我引导他们放弃中文解释，从英文解释去入手时，他们马上就明白了当中的差别了。
shock—If you have a shock，something suddenly happens which is unpleasant， upsetting， or very disappointing.
relief—If you feel a sense of relief，you feel happy because something unpleasant has not happened or is no longer happening.
有的同学很多时候在做完形填空时对情感把握有偏差；写作文时词不达意、表述不清，通篇Chinglish。有的同学把高考要求的3600单词背得滚瓜烂熟，但是写作文时用对用好的词不多。我想很大程度上是因为他们已经习惯了“翻译”，连课本的单词表都是一个单词对应一个中文意思。可是，两种语言之间的转换是不可能有这样的“字对字”翻译的，有一些英语单词甚至不可能在中文里找到一个固定的词意来解释，它们会被翻译成不同的中文意思来配合语境的传达，available 就是一个很好的例子。
1.有新音乐专辑发售时，我们可以看到“Available Now”（正在热售）的宣传广告。
2. 听新闻可以经常听到“No comment available”（无可奉告）。
3. 订酒店的时候可能被告知“This is the only room available”（这是唯一可用的房间）。
4. 邀请别人时可能遭到拒绝“I am not available tonight”（我今晚没空）。
5. 遇到特大事故时新闻会报道“Every available doctor was called to the scene”（所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场）。
因此，笔者认为，对于已经积累了一定英语语言基础、将要面对高考的高中生来说，逐步放弃“中英对译”，转而学习利用“英英释义”，是“中文思维”向“英语思维”的转换，真正掌握地道英语的一个关键。
以下是几组高考高频词汇，现用英英释义将其比较：
1. study（研究，课题）—a careful examination or analysis of a phenomenon，development，or question
research（研究， 调查）a careful study of sth. in order to discover new facts or imformation about it
2. realize （了解，意识到） —If you realize that something is true，you become aware of that fact or understand it.
recognize（认出，承认）—If you recognize someone or something，you know who that person is or what that thing is.
3. possible（可能的）—If it is possible to do something，it can be done or achieved.
probable（可能的，大概的）—If you say that something is probable，you mean that it is likely to be true or likely to happen. 4. gradually（逐步地，渐渐地）—If something changes or is done gradually，it changes or is done in small stages over a long period of time， rather than suddenly.
slowly（缓慢地）—something that is slow moves，happens，or is done without much speed
5. principle（原则，准则）—a basic truth， law，or assumption；a general belief that you have about the way you should behave，which influences your behaviour
theory（理论，原理）—a formal idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something
6. single （单一的，适于一人的）—consisting of one in number；used to emphasize that you are referring to one particular person or thing on its own
individual （个人的，个别的）—considered separately rather than as part of a group；typical of one particular person or thing in a way that is different from others
7. sight（视野，景象）—field of vision； something that you see
scene（场面，现场）—the place where something happen，especially something unpleasant；an incident
8. real（真实的，现实的）—something that is real actually exists and is not imagined，invented，or theoretical；A material or object that is real is natural or functioning，and not artificial or an imitation.
true（真实的，正确的）—connected with facts； consistent with fact or reality； not false
9. persuade（说服，劝服）—to make someone agree to do something by giving them good reasons for doing it
convince （说服，使相信） —to make someone believe that something is true
10. price （价格，价值） —the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy it
cost（价钱，费用）—the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
charge（要价，收费）—the amount of money you are asked to pay for suing something or for a service
11. normal（正常的，标准的）— used to describe something that is what you would expect and is the same as others of the same type
usual（普通的，平常的）— used to describe what happens or what is done most often in a particular situation
ordinary（普通的，平凡的）—used to describe something that is not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree
12. act（行动，行为）—a single thing that someone does
action（行动，手段）—something that you do on a particular occasion or for a particular purpose
deed（行为，行动）—something that is done， especially something that is very good or very bad
performance（表现，性能）—the act or process of performing a task
13. obvious（明显的）—easy to see or understand without prove or explanation
evident（明显的）—You use evident to show that you are certain about a situation or fact and your interpretation of it.
14. fortune（财富，命运）—a large amount of money；chance or luck， especially in the way it affects people’s lives
treasure （宝藏，珍宝）—a collection of valuable things such as gold， silver and jewellery
15. cause （原因，动机）—the person or thing that makes something happen
reason（原因，理由）—an explanation for something that has happened or that someone has done.
英语教学及翻译专家吴炳钟教授曾经在一次访谈中提到：“在上大学以前由于不懂得如何直接用英语思考，不明白英语思维和汉语思维的差异，觉得英语学习非常艰辛。”而在北平的辅仁大学念大一的时候，英语老师强烈告诫他们“不用英英词典就学不好英文”。他的英文思维也就是在坚持英英词典当中慢慢培养起来了。所以他认为，要学好英语，“那就要早些使用英英词典，并且，养成每天查英英词典的习惯”。我非常赞同吴炳钟老师的这一观点。我认为，不管是老师在课堂上的讲解、还是课后学生自主学习，强化英英释义在很大程度上都可以帮助学生巩固、扩大词汇和提高英语表达能力。英语表达能力要建立在理解基础上，在通过英英释义对词、词组准确到位的理解，以及大量接触英语原文注释和例句的过程中，学生实际上已处于一个潜移默化的小环境中。长期坚持，相信可以掌握地道的英语，摆脱Chinglish。
（作者单位：顺德区容山中学）
责任编校 蒋小青