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减少毁林和森林退化导致的排放,增加森林碳储量(REDD+)将成为2012年后最具成本效益的一个缓解气候变化的机制。为了避免REDD+项目的设计和实施重蹈早期涉林项目的覆辙,有必要回顾REDD+之前的涉林政策和涉林项目的问题。早期涉林倡议案、森林认证、环境服务报偿(PES)、综合保护与发展项目(ICDPs)中的经验教训,对于REDD+特别有参考价值。REDD+的实施需要依赖各国已经同意的倡议,促进主权国家履行现有承诺,利用公共权力与私人权力的协同增效作用来产生环保效应。在早期碳项目中,普遍缺乏可信的反事实构建,碳计量可靠性上也存在问题。在综合保护与发展项目的实施中,如何处理好保护与发展的关系,如何为生态系统服务寻找买家和争取长期的金融支持,是项目实施成功的主要影响因素。REDD+在设计上就应该考虑到这些问题,建立在各种经验教训之上的REDD+项目设计和实施应该更加有效和公平。
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and increasing forest carbon stocks (REDD +) will become the most cost-effective mechanism for climate change mitigation after 2012. In order to avoid the mistakes made in the design and implementation of REDD + projects from the earlier forest-related projects, it is necessary to review the issues concerning forest-related policies and forest-related projects before REDD +. Early Shumen Initiatives, Forest Certification, PES, and Lessons Learned from Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) are particularly valuable references for REDD +. The implementation of REDD + needs to rely on the already agreed initiatives of all countries to promote the fulfillment of existing commitments by sovereign countries and the use of the synergies of public and private power to generate environmental benefits. In the early stage of carbon projects, the general lack of credible counterfactual construction, carbon measurement reliability there are problems. In the implementation of integrated conservation and development projects, how to handle the relationship between protection and development, how to find buyers for ecosystem services and seek long-term financial support are the main factors affecting the project’s success. REDD + should be designed with these issues in mind, and the design and implementation of REDD + projects based on a variety of lessons learned should be more effective and fair.