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将含有棉籽粕(CM)0、9%、18%、27%、36%、45%和54%(含游离棉酚0、107.8、215.7、323.5、431.3、539.2和647.0 mg·kg-1)的等氮等能饲粮饲喂给初始体重为11.3 g的鲤鱼幼鱼,试验共8周,并评价CM对其生长性能、血液学指标、肝脏和生殖腺组织学的影响。CM 0~9%组的增重(WG)和饲料转化率差异不显著(P>0.05),但CM 27%~54%组的WG和蛋白质效率(PER)显著降低(P<0.05),FCR显著增加(P<0.05)。与CM 0~18%组相比,27%~54%组的红细胞数量(RBC)和红细胞比容(HCT)显著增加(P<0.05),CM 0~45%组的血红蛋白(Hb)含量相对稳定,CM 54%组的显著下降。与CM 0~36%组相比,CM 45%~54%组血清中谷丙转氨酶和羟基自由基的活性显著增加(P<0.05)。肌肉和肝脏中游离棉酚的含量与饲粮中CM的水平密切相关。两性别性腺指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。与CM 0和27%组相比,CM 54%组的肝细胞体积减少,肝细胞数目增多,睾丸中初级精母细胞数量增多,精子细胞数量减少。研究表明,鲤鱼幼鱼CM安全水平为27%(含游离棉酚323.5 mg·kg-1),增重折线分析表明,鲤鱼幼鱼的CM最大量为26.85%。饲粮中棉籽粕含量高于36%(含游离棉酚431.3 mg·kg-1)会破坏鲤鱼的生长性能和血液指标。此外,饲粮中高CM(CM 54%,含游离棉酚647.0 mg·kg-1)对肝脏有轻微损害,且精子细胞数量会降低。
Cottonseed meal containing 0, 97%, 18%, 27%, 36%, 45% and 54% cottonseed meal (CM) Of nitrogen and other diet can be fed to the initial weight of 11.3 g carp juveniles for a total of 8 weeks, and evaluate the CM growth performance, hematological indicators, liver and gonadal histology. (P> 0.05). However, the WG and protein efficiency (PER) of CM from 27% to 54% were significantly decreased (P <0.05), but the difference between FCR Significantly increased (P <0.05). Compared with CM 0-18%, RBC and HCT were significantly increased in 27% -54% group (P <0.05), and hemoglobin (Hb) in 0% -45% CM was Stable, CM 54% decreased significantly. The activities of alanine aminotransferase and hydroxyl radical in serum of CM 45% -54% group were significantly increased compared with CM 0 ~ 36% (P <0.05). The content of free gossypol in muscle and liver is closely related to the level of CM in the diet. Gender differences in gonadal index was not significant (P> 0.05). Compared with CM 0 and 27%, the volume of hepatocytes and the number of hepatocytes in CM 54% group increased, the number of primary spermatocytes increased and the number of sperm cells decreased in CM 54% group. The results showed that the safety level of CM in juvenile carp was 27% (including free gossypol 323.5 mg · kg-1), and the weight gain line analysis indicated that the maximum CM of juvenile carp was 26.85%. Cottonseed meal content in the diet of more than 36% (including free gossypol 431.3 mg · kg-1) will undermine the carp growth performance and blood indicators. In addition, dietary high CM (CM 54%, containing free gossypol 647.0 mg · kg-1) slightly damaged the liver, and the number of sperm cells will be reduced.