目的：观察环加氧酶及前列腺素Ｅ受体基因在人体卵巢组织的表达。方法：应用组织石蜡切片ｍＲＮＡ原位杂交技术观察前列腺素合成的限速酶———环加氧酶两种亚型（ＣＯＸ１和ＣＯＸ２）及前列腺素Ｅ受体基因在人卵巢组织中的表达。结果：在卵泡期和黄体期的卵巢组织均可见ＣＯＸ１基因表达的信号，以颗粒细胞表达最丰富；与此相反，卵巢组织中未见ＣＯＸ２的ｍＲＮＡ的阳性信号。前列腺素Ｅ受体两个亚型（ＨＥＰ１和ＨＥＰ２）的基因，与ＣＯＸ１基因分布基本一致。多囊卵巢综合征（ＰＣＯＳ）患者的卵巢组织中，也未见ＣＯＸ２基因的表达，而ＣＯＸ１，ＨＥＰ１和ＨＥＰ２这３种基因均在卵泡膜细胞高表达。结论：人卵巢组织的前列腺素可能在ＣＯＸ１催化下于颗粒细胞生成；ＣＯＸ１在卵巢组织上的异位表达，可能与ＰＣＯＳ发病有关。 Objective: To observe the expression of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E receptor gene in human ovarian tissue. Methods: The tissue paraffin section of mRNA in situ hybridization was used to observe the rate-limiting enzyme of prostaglandin synthesis --- cyclooxygenase two subtypes (COX 1 and COX 2) and prostaglandin E receptor gene in human ovarian tissue In the expression. Results: In the follicular and luteal phase of ovarian tissue COX 1 gene expression can be seen in the most abundant expression of granulosa cells; the contrary, no ovarian COX 2 mRNA positive signal. Prostaglandin E receptor two subtypes (HEP1 and HEP2) genes, and COX  1 gene distribution is basically the same. No expression of COX2 was detected in ovarian tissues of patients with PCOS, but COX1, HEP1 and HEP2 were all highly expressed in the cells of the ovarian follicle. Conclusion: Prostaglandin in human ovarian tissue may be generated in granulosa cells under the COX1 catalysis. Ectopic expression of COX1 in ovarian tissue may be related to the pathogenesis of PCOS.