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校长作为学校的负责人,其角色定位是由学校的组织特性决定的。学校既具有科层组织的特性,也具有专业组织的特性。作为科层组织,学校具有明确的法规及制度,职权遵从层级性,并且具有明确的分工。但是作为专业组织,其特性有所不同。专业组织的主体之一是受过训练的专业人员,专业组织特别强调专家权威,专业组织的决策在很大程度上是其组织内部专业人员的个人决策,或者是组织外部专家协商后的战略决策。
As head of the school, the role of headmaster is determined by the organizational characteristics of the school. Schools have both bureaucratic and professional organizational characteristics. As a bureaucracy, the school has clear rules and regulations, the power to follow the hierarchy, and has a clear division of labor. But as a professional organization, its characteristics are different. One of the main body of the professional organization is a trained professional. The professional organization places special emphasis on the authority of the expert. The decision-making of the professional organization is to a large extent the individual decision-making of the professionals within the organization or the strategic decision of the external expert consultation.