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美国ASME锅炉及受压容器规范第Ⅲ卷与第Ⅷ卷2分篇提出了“分析设计”(Design by analysis)的基本思想与基本法则。它是工程与力学紧密结合的产物,反映了近代工程强度设计的先进水平。应力分类和应力评定是分析设计的基础。本文从弹塑性力学的观点出发结合工程实际问题着重讨论了(1)应力分类的必要性及理论依据;(2)各类应力的定义、特性及区分方法;(3)应力评定的依据。本文对ASME规范中的某些观点作了进一步的阐述与评论。
The United States ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III and Section VIII Ⅷ sub-section of the “Analysis Design” (Design by Analysis) of the basic ideas and basic laws. It is a product of the close combination of engineering and mechanics, which reflects the advanced level of modern engineering strength design. Stress classification and stress assessment are the basis for analysis and design. This paper discusses the necessity and theoretical basis of stress classification in combination with engineering practice from the point of view of elastic-plastic mechanics. (2) The definition, characteristics and distinguishing method of various types of stress. (3) The basis of stress assessment. This article further elaborates and comments on some of the points in the ASME Code.