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明确精神损害的范围是确定精神损害赔偿数额的基础。各国确定精神损害范围的标准各异:在英美法中,凡造成被侵害人精神痛苦,即构成精神损害;大陆法则以寻找并确定侵权客体为进路,将非财产损失作为精神损害的范围,日本还将非财产损失作为法人精神损害的依据。其实,精神损害的确定应以受害人生理、心理(或精神)上的痛苦为标准,故法人不适用精神损害赔偿,精神损害赔偿的功能也仅以抚慰为主。
Clarifying the extent of mental impairment is the basis for determining the amount of compensation for mental damage. Each country has different standards for determining the scope of mental damage: in Anglo-American law, where mental pain is inflicted on the victim, the law of the mind constitutes a moral hazard; the law of the mainland takes the object of finding and determining the object of infringement as non-property damage as the scope of mental damage, Japan also bases non-property damage on the moral damage of its legal persons. In fact, the determination of mental damage should be based on the victim’s physical, psychological (or mental) pain as a standard, so the legal person does not apply for mental damage compensation, compensation for mental damage is only the main function of comfort.