《九年义务教育全日制小学自然教学大纲》从知识、能力、兴趣、思想品德教育四个方面规定了自然教学的目的和要求。“培养他们的科学志趣”就是兴趣方面的目的。要达到这一目的,必须研究小学生认识自然事物的兴趣及培养。一、小学生认识自然事物的兴趣类型及层次小学生认识自然事物的兴趣一般可分为四个层次,这四个层次又分别代表不同的四种类型。一、直觉性认识兴趣。具有这种兴趣的学生,易被新奇自然事物所吸引,喜欢观察鲜明、生动、不平常的自然事物。例如,小学一年级学生一般很喜欢小动物,但这种观察只是外部特征的观察,他们并不关心动物的生活习性、繁殖方式等。二、操作性认识兴趣。具有这种兴趣的学生喜欢通过自己的活动对自然事物施加影响,他们有了解如何引起或改变自然事物的要求。例如,有的小学生 The Nine-Year Compulsory Education Whole-day Primary School Natural Syllabus stipulates the purpose and requirements of natural teaching from four aspects: knowledge, ability, interest and moral education. “Fostering their scientific interest” is an area of ​​interest. To achieve this goal, we must study primary school students' interest in and understanding of natural things. First, primary school students understand the nature of the type and level of interest in primary school students understand the natural things of interest generally can be divided into four levels, which are four different levels represent four different types. First, the intuitive understanding of interest. Students with this kind of interest are easily attracted to novelty natural things and like to observe vivid, vivid and unusual natural things. For example, first-year primary school students generally like small animals, but this observation is only the observation of external characteristics. They do not care about animal habits, breeding methods and so on. Second, operational awareness of interest. Students with this interest like to influence natural things through their own activities, and they have a need to understand how to cause or change natural things. For example, some primary school children