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乾隆十二年(1747),江南地区发生苏州教案,两名传教士被处死。乾隆十九年(1754),江南地区再次发生教案,被拿获的五名传教士先被监禁,后被驱逐至澳门。在这两次教案的打击之下,江南传教区日趋萎缩。本文利用《清中前期西洋天主教在华活动档案史料》、《苏州致命纪略》和《欧洲所藏雍正乾隆朝天主教文献汇编》中的有关资料,对长期以来为学界所忽视的江南两次教案发生的背景、经过及结果进行分析,以期探讨乾隆朝严惩传教士的原因,而对教案等相关材料的厘定,有助于考察乾隆时期的禁教政策。
Twelve years of Qianlong (1747), Suzhou lesson plan occurred in Jiangnan area, two missionaries were executed. Nineteen years of Qianlong (1754), again occurred in southern teaching plan, was captured five missionaries were imprisoned before being deported to Macao. Under the attack of these two lesson plans, the Jiangnan mission area is shrinking day by day. In this paper, we use the relevant data from “Archives of Chinese Archives of the Past Activities of Western Qing Dynasty in China”, “The Fatalism of Suzhou” and “Compilation of the Collection of Catholic Documents of Yongzheng and Qianlong in Europe” It analyzes the background, the process and the result of the investigation, with a view to discussing the reason why Qianlong punished the missionary, and the determination of the teaching materials and other related materials helped to investigate the policy of banning education in Qianlong period.