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利用变性梯度凝胶电泳和Biolog_Eco生态培养平板技术,调查了喀斯特自然退耕(NT,撂荒)、人工种植经济林(CM,木豆-板栗)、免耕(PI,牧草-任豆)和传统耕作(MB,玉米-大豆)4种退耕模式下的土壤微生物遗传分类和土壤细菌代谢功能多样性.结果表明:退耕模式显著影响了土壤微生物群落结构和细菌代谢模式,其中真菌群落更依赖于退耕模式,而细菌群落对季节变迁更敏感;短时期(6～7年)不同退耕模式下土壤中细菌遗传分类多样性没有显著性差异(P>0.05),经济林与牧草地土壤真菌遗传分类多样性显著高于撂荒和传统耕作地(P<0.05);免耕牧草地土壤细菌代谢功能多样性显著低于其他模式(P<0.05).因此,真菌遗传多样性和细菌代谢多样性较细菌遗传多样性对退耕模式响应更敏感;土壤细菌群落对季节的变化比真菌敏感;木豆-板栗经济林对维持土壤微生物遗传和细菌代谢功能多样性具有优势,是较好的退耕模式.
Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Biolog_Eco eco-culture plate technique, the effects of natural conversion of cultivated karst land (NT, fallow), planted economic forest (CM, chestnut-chestnut), no-till (PI) MB and maize-soybean) were used to analyze the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms and the metabolic function of soil bacteria under the four models of returning farmland.The results showed that the mode of returning farmland significantly affected the microbial community structure and bacterial metabolism model, and the community of fungi relied more on the mode of returning farmland, While the bacterial communities were more sensitive to seasonal changes. There was no significant difference in bacterial genetic classification among different soil types in short-term (6 ~ 7 years) (P> 0.05), and the genetic diversity of soil fungi in economic forest and pasture was significantly higher (P <0.05). The functional diversity of soil bacteria in no-tillage pastures was significantly lower than that of other patterns (P <0.05) .Therefore, the genetic diversity of fungi and the diversity of bacterial metabolism were higher than that of bacterial genetic diversity The responses of the model to the conversion of cultivated land were more sensitive. The change of the soil bacterial community was more sensitive to the fungi than the fungi. The woody chestnut forest had the function of maintaining the genetic diversity of the soil microorganism and the metabolic function of the bacteria Advantage is a better mode of farmland.