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目的了解重庆市渝北区1~59岁不同人群的乙型病毒性肝炎(以下简称乙肝或HBV)血清免疫水平及感染现状,为评价本地区免疫预防效果,改进免疫控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用按地区人口容量比例多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在1~59岁不同人群中抽取5 510人进行血清流行病学调查,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对每份血样进行乙肝五项免疫标志物检测。结果所有数据标化后:单纯乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)情况,1~59岁人群总体阳性率为20.60%,其中,1~14岁组为47.41%,15~24岁组为20.87%,25~59岁组为10.66%;乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)情况,l~59岁人群总体携带率8.64%,其中,1~14岁组为3.71%,15~24岁组为8.04%,25~59岁组为10.70%。乙肝总体感染(HBV)情况,1~59岁人群总体感染率为41.39%,其中,1~14岁组的感染阳性率为12.11%,15~24岁组为29.48%,25~59岁组为50.22%。结论重庆市渝北区二十余年的乙肝疫苗接种,人群免疫水平显著提高,HBV感染率大幅下降。15岁以下人群免疫水平较五年前水平上升了20%,表面抗原携带率达到了国家控制目标。
Objective To understand the serum immunological status and infection status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in different population from 1 to 59 years old in Yubei district of Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the immunoprophylaxis effect and improving immune control strategy in this area. Methods A total of 51 510 individuals from 1 to 59 years of age were enrolled in this study. Serological epidemiological survey was conducted by multistage stratified random sampling in population proportion by region. Serum samples were collected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Hepatitis B five immune markers detection. Results After normalization of all the data, the positive rate of HBsAg in anti-HBs was 20.60% in all patients aged from 1 to 59, of which 47.41% were in the group of 1-14 years old and 20.87% in the group of 15-24 years old. The prevalence of HBsAg in patients aged from 59 to 59 years was 8.64%. Among them, the rate of HBsAg was 3.71% in patients aged 1 to 14 years, 8.04% in patients aged 15 to 24 years, The 59-year-old group was 10.70%. The overall infection rate of HBV was 41.39% among 1-59 years old group, among which the positive rate was 12.11% in 1-14 years old group, 29.48% in 15-24 years old group, 50.22%. Conclusions In more than 20 years of Yubei district, Chongqing Municipality, hepatitis B vaccination, the population immunization level was significantly increased, HBV infection rate dropped significantly. The immunization level of people under the age of 15 increased by 20% compared with the level five years ago, and the rate of surface antigen carrier reached the goal of national control.