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1 问题的提出广义的设计雨型包括时程雨型(点时程雨型和面时程雨型)和面分布雨型;点面时程雨型的差异随面积的增大而增大。设计雨型是用以推求设计洪峰流量和洪水过程,它对综合单位线方法至关重要;对推理公式来说,由于推求洪峰流量时不考虑汇流历时τ时段内的净雨时程分配,雨型不同对推算洪峰流量没有影响;但雨型关系到τ时段前后的洪量分配、次峰大小和发生时间,从而对调洪结果也有一定的影响。因此,分析设计雨型必须考虑设计条件并与现行设计洪水计算方法相配套,即要从现有雨量观测资料基础出发,其表达方式也要注意
1 PROBLEM PROBLEMS Generalized design rain patterns include time-series rain patterns (point-time rain-type and surface-time rain type) and surface-distributed rain types; differences in point-time rain patterns increase with area. The design of the rain pattern is used to derive the design flood peak flow and flood process, which is crucial for the integrated unit-line method. For the reasoning formula, since the peak flow is not considered when considering the net rain duration distribution within the lapse time τ, rain However, the rain pattern is related to the flood distribution before and after the τ period, the size of the second peak and the occurrence time, which also has some impact on the flood control results. Therefore, the analysis of design rain type must consider the design conditions and with the current design flood calculation method to match, that is, from the existing rainfall observation data base, the expression should also pay attention to