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[目的]了解2008—2011年上海市宝山区手足口病流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。[方法]应用描述流行病学方法对宝山区2008—2011年手足口病发病资料进行分析。[结果]2008—2011年,宝山区手足口病发病率在95.18/10万～190.23/10万之间,年平均发病率为152.53/10万。男性发病率高于女性;5岁以下病例8 436例,占92.05%;户籍人口病例以幼托儿童为主,外来人口病例以散居儿童居多;发病高峰在4—7月。重症手足口病病例55例,以外来儿童为主。2009—2011年肠道病毒的检出率呈逐年增高,且每年的病原谱有变化,重症(或死亡)病例中肠道病毒71型(EV71)的阳性检出率为90.91%,高于监测点病例和聚集性病例中EV71的检出率。[结论]2008—2011年宝山区手足口病发病处于高强度流行状态,高发人群为5岁以下儿童,发病有明显的季节性。引起手足口病重症(或死亡)病例的主要病原为EV71。开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究,将有助于提出进一步有针对性的防控措施。
[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Baoshan District, Shanghai during 2008-2011 and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. [Methods] The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District from 2008 to 2011. [Results] The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Baoshan District was between 95.18 / 100,000 and 190.23 / 100,000 in 2008-2011, with an annual average incidence of 152.53 / 100,000. The incidence of males was higher than that of females; 8 436 cases were under 5 years old, accounting for 92.05%. The cases of census register population were mainly kindergarten children. Most of the migrant population were from scattered children. The peak incidence was from April to July. Severe hand, foot and mouth disease in 55 cases, mainly to foreign children. The detection rate of enterovirus increased year by year from 2009 to 2011, and the annual pathological spectrum changed. The positive rate of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in severe (or dead) cases was 90.91% The detection rate of EV71 in spotted and clustered cases. [Conclusion] The incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District during 2008-2011 is in a state of high epidemic. The incidence of HFMD in children under 5 years old is obviously seasonal. The major cause of severe (or dead) HFMD cases is EV71. Carrying out the epidemiology and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease research will help to put forward further targeted prevention and control measures.