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1.引言美国自1800年以来就有了铁路旅客列车。自旅客列车成为美国主要客运工具以来,美国在提高旅客列车速度、舒适度和保证行车安全等方面进行了大量的开发工作。其中也包括乔治·韦斯汀豪斯在研制安全可靠的空气制动系统方面所做的工作。今天,各家空气制动机公司研制改进的制动系统时仍应用他的一些基本概念。 2.客车制动设备发展简史乔治·韦斯汀豪斯最先研制制动系统时,列车长度短(6～10节车厢),速度也慢(40～50mile/h即64～72kin/h),车厢是轻型结构。本世纪初出现了较长的列车和较高的速度,并引入全钢重型客车。三通阀的研制是为了满足对制动的一些更高要求,随后研制了D-22型空气分配阀,早在1950年该阀发展成26-C控制阀,它今天仍是美国和加拿大客车中使用的标准型空气分配阀。近年来,随着对铁路客车环境的要求日益提高,
1. Introduction The United States has rail passenger trains since 1800. Since the passenger trains became the major passenger transport vehicles in the United States, the United States has done a great deal of development in improving the speed, comfort and driving safety of passenger trains. It also includes what George Westinghouse did to develop a safe and reliable air brake system. Today, each airbrake company still applies some of his basic concepts when developing an improved brake system. 2. A brief history of the development of passenger car braking equipment George Westinghouse first developed brake system, the train length is short (6 to 10 car), the speed is also slow (40 ~ 50mile / h or 64 ~ 72kin / h ), The car is light structure. Longer trains and higher speeds appeared at the beginning of this century and the introduction of all-steel heavy passenger vehicles. Three-way valve was developed to meet some of the higher requirements of the brake, followed by the development of the D-22-type air distribution valve, as early as 1950, the valve developed into a 26-C control valve, it is still today, the United States and Canada, the bus In the use of standard air distribution valve. In recent years, with the increasing demand for the railway bus environment,