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[目的]了解上海市中心城区学龄前儿童的超重和肥胖流行现状,探究膳食营养、饮食行为和家庭因素与儿童肥胖的关系,为制定预防儿童肥胖措施提供依据。[方法]选取上海市中心城区2所幼儿园共588名3～5岁儿童进行研究。采用成组设计的研究方法,调查117名超重或肥胖儿童(超重肥胖组)和471名正常儿童(正常对照组)连续3d的膳食摄入情况、饮食行为、家庭环境等;并对儿童的身高、体重进行体格测量。使用SPSS 16.0进行数据处理,用多因素logistic回归分析儿童膳食营养、饮食行为、家庭因素与超重和肥胖的关系。[结果]调查儿童中超重和肥胖率分别为15.31%和4.59%。超重肥胖组儿童膳食能量、脂肪摄入量明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现,进食速度快(OR=3.012,95%CI:1.475～6.150),出生体重大(OR=1.708,95%CI:1.229～2.375),父母一方或双方超重或肥胖(OR=2.026,95%CI:1.065～3.855)是超重和肥胖发生的危险因素;摄入海产品频率高(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.186～0.759),母亲文化程度高(OR=0.431,95%CI:0.227～0.819)是超重和肥胖的保护因素。[结论]被调查儿童的超重和肥胖率较高;膳食营养、饮食习惯和家庭因素与超重和肥胖的发生密切相关。
[Objective] To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in downtown Shanghai and to explore the relationship between dietary nutrition, dietary behaviors and family factors and childhood obesity and to provide evidence for the prevention of childhood obesity. [Method] A total of 588 children aged 3 ~ 5 years old from 2 kindergartens in downtown Shanghai were selected for study. A total of 117 children with overweight or obesity (overweight and obesity) and 471 normal children (normal control group) were enrolled in this study. The dietary behaviors, family environment and so on were investigated for three consecutive days. The children’s height , Body weight measurement. Data were processed using SPSS 16.0, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze children’s dietary nutrition, dietary behaviors, family factors, and overweight and obesity. [Results] The children overweight and obesity rates were 15.31% and 4.59% respectively. Children with overweight and obesity had significantly higher dietary energy and fat intake than those in the normal control group (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the fasting rate (OR = 3.012, 95% CI: 1.475 ~ 6.150), birth weight (OR = 1.708, 95% CI: 1.229-2.375), one or both parents were overweight or obese (OR = 2.026 , 95% CI: 1.065 ~ 3.855) were the risk factors for overweight and obesity. The frequency of seafood intake was high (OR = 0.376,95% CI: 0.186-0.759) : 0.227 ~ 0.819) is a protective factor of overweight and obesity. [Conclusion] The overweight and obesity rates of the children under investigation are high; dietary nutrition, eating habits and family factors are closely related to the occurrence of overweight and obesity.