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水稻是世界主要粮食作物,水稻杂种优势的利用为提高作物产量做出了巨大贡献.亚洲栽培稻分为籼稻和粳稻两个亚种,亚种间的杂种优势更强,培育籼粳杂交水稻可以进一步提高水稻产量潜力.但是亚种间普遍存在生殖隔离,导致籼粳杂种育性较低,限制了对其杂种优势的利用.广亲和品种与籼稻和粳稻的杂交后代正常可育,为利用亚种间杂种优势提供重要种质资源.本文回顾了籼粳杂交育种的历史,总结了水稻杂种不育的遗传基础和分子调控机理的研究进展,介绍了广亲和基因形成机制的最新理解,在此基础上概述了近年来对广亲和基因发掘和利用的成果,并展望了未来创建广亲和水稻种质资源的途径.
Rice is the main food crop in the world and the utilization of rice heterosis has made a great contribution to the increase of crop yield.Asiatic cultivated rice is divided into two subspecies of indica and japonica, and the heterosis among subspecies is stronger. It is possible to cultivate indica-japonica hybrid rice Further increase the yield potential of rice, but there is widespread reproductive isolation among subspecies, resulting in low hybridization between indica and japonica, restricting the utilization of heterosis.Generally, the progeny of indica and japonica hybrids are widely fertile, Subspecies heterosis provide important germplasm resources.This paper reviews the history of cross breeding between indica and japonica, summarizes the genetic basis and molecular regulation mechanism of rice heterosis, introduces the latest understanding of the gene of broad compatibility, Based on this, the achievements in the exploration and utilization of wide compatibility genes in recent years are summarized, and the ways to create broad compatibility rice germplasm resources in the future are also forecasted.