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现代社会的发展带来了严重的电磁辐射和电磁污染的问题。吸波材料能够吸收微波的能量,减少反射,可以广泛地应用在抗电子干扰、电磁兼容、安全信息保密、人体安全防护等许多方面。理想的吸波材料应该具有吸收强、频段宽、质量轻等特点。橡胶为基体的吸波材料除了能有效耗散微波能量之外,还因其柔软、易剪裁、粘附性好的特点,在布置作结构复杂器件或腔体内部的吸波层时更有优势。本文介绍了吸波材料设计的基本原理,回顾了各类型橡胶吸波材料的特性,探讨了吸波剂种类和用量、吸波材料结构设计以及环境因素对橡胶吸波材料性能的影响,并对橡胶吸波材料未来的研究方向作出了展望。
The development of modern society has brought about serious problems of electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic pollution. Absorbing materials can absorb microwave energy, reduce reflection, can be widely used in many aspects of anti-interference, electromagnetic compatibility, safety information security, human security and so on. The ideal absorbing material should have strong absorption, wide band, light weight and so on. The rubber-based absorbing material not only can effectively dissipate the microwave energy, but also has the advantages of being soft, easy to cut and good in adhesion, and arranged as a wave absorbing layer in the structure of complex devices or cavities . This paper introduces the basic principle of absorbing materials design, reviews the characteristics of various types of rubber absorbing materials, discusses the types and dosage of absorbing agents, the structural design of absorbing materials and the environmental factors on the properties of rubber absorbing materials. The future research directions of rubber absorbing materials are prospected.