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目的 :了解马兜铃内酰胺I(AL I)是否导致肾小管上皮细胞损伤。方法 :以体外细胞培养的人类近端肾小管上皮细胞系 (HK 2 )为研究对象 ,以马兜铃酸I(AA I)为阳性对照 ,采用LDH释放试验检测AL I的直接细胞损伤作用 ;用相差显微镜、电子显微镜观察细胞形态变化 ,用流式细胞仪分析细胞DNA含量以及细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)表达水平 ,以了解细胞凋亡情况 ;采用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中细胞外基质成分纤连蛋白 (FN)以及促纤维化细胞因子转化生长因子 β1(TGFβ1)的分泌水平。 结果 :AL I(2 .5～ 2 0mg·L- 1)具有浓度依赖的直接细胞损伤作用 ;细胞形态、DNA含量及PS表达水平分析表明 ,AL I在上述浓度范围内能够导致HK 2细胞凋亡 ,并能够导致HK 2细胞分泌TGFβ1及FN。与AA I的作用进行比较发现 :在相同浓度情况下 ,AL I的直接细胞毒作用强于AA I,但其导致细胞凋亡、TGFβ1及FN分泌的能力弱于AA I。结论 :马兜铃酸的代谢产物AL I能够造成肾小管上皮细胞的损伤 ,作用与AA I相似。尽管其致损伤作用较AA I弱 ,但仍有可能是含马兜铃酸中药导致肾脏损伤及其纤维化过程的毒性成分之一。
Purpose : To understand whether aristolochic lactam I (AL I) causes damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK 2 ) cultured in vitro was used as the study object. Aristolochic acid I (AA I) was used as a positive control. LDH release assay was used to detect the direct cell injury of AL I. The morphology of the cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. The cellular DNA content and the expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the cell membrane were analyzed by flow cytometry to understand the apoptosis. The ELISA was used to detect the extracellular cells in the cell culture supernatant. Matrix component fibronectin (FN) and profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) secretion levels. RESULTS: AL II (2.5 to 20 mg·L-1) had a concentration-dependent direct cell injury effect; analysis of cell morphology, DNA content, and PS expression levels showed that AL I could cause HK 2 cells to wither over the above concentration range. Death, and can cause HK 2 cells to secrete TGFβ1 and FN. Comparing with the effect of AA I, it was found that the direct cytotoxicity of AL I was stronger than that of AA I at the same concentration, but its ability to induce apoptosis, TGFβ1 and FN secretion was weaker than that of AA I. Conclusion: AL I, a metabolite of aristolochic acid, can cause damage to renal tubular epithelial cells, similar to that of AA I. Although its injury is weaker than that of AA I, it may still be one of the toxic components of kidney injury and fibrosis with Chinese aristolochic acid.