目的　了解吸入麻醉药异氟烷和七氟烷对脑缺血神经元c fos蛋白表达的影响和保护作用。方法　用苏木素 伊红 (HE)染色法检测大鼠脑缺血梗塞体积和海马结构CA1～CA4亚区神经元损伤程度。用免疫组化法检测海马结构c fos蛋白的表达。结果　缺血 1h再灌 72h异氟烷组和七氟烷组脑梗塞体积显著小于缺血组 ;海马CA3和CA4亚区神经损伤程度也显著小于缺血组。缺血 1h再灌 4h ,在海马齿回 ,CA4亚区c fos蛋白样免疫反应率 ,吸入麻醉药组明显低于未吸入组。结论　异氟烷和七氟烷对缺血神经元有一定的保护作用。它们对c fos蛋白表达的衰减作用可能与其拮抗NMDA受体性质有关 Objective To investigate the effect of inhaled anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane on c fos protein expression in cerebral ischemic neurons. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the infarct volume and the damage of hippocampal CA1 CA4 subfield neurons in rats. The expression of c fos protein in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The volume of cerebral infarction in isoflurane group and sevoflurane group was significantly less than that in ischemia group at ischemia 1h and 72h. The degree of neurological damage in hippocampal CA3 and CA4 subregion was also significantly lower than that in ischemic group. Ischemia 1h and then reperfusion 4h, in the hippocampal gyrus, CA4 subregion c fos protein-like immunoreactivity, inhalation anesthesia was significantly lower than the non-inhalation group. Conclusion Isoflurane and sevoflurane have protective effect on ischemic neurons. Their attenuation of c fos protein expression may be related to its antagonism of NMDA receptor properties