论文部分内容阅读
【目的】通过比较连续4 a(年)施用梨树修剪枝条制作的堆肥对梨树根系生长的影响,研究梨树修剪枝条堆肥在梨园中应用的可行性。【方法】2012—2015年以10 a生‘早酥’梨树为试材,按等养分和等有机质的原则,以化肥和羊粪处理为对照,研究长期施用枝条堆肥对梨园土壤理化性质、梨树根系生长和分布以及梨产量和品质的影响。【结果】与施化肥处理相比较,施用枝条堆肥,增加了土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤有机质含量;施用枝条堆肥增加了梨树根系总根长、总表面积、根尖数;施用枝条堆肥增加了水平方向0~40 cm、120~160 cm和160~200 cm和垂直方向0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层范围内根系的分布密度,尤其在30~60 cm土层,枝条堆肥处理下吸收根分布最为显著;施用枝条堆肥促进了以极细根为主的吸收根的生长;施用枝条堆肥显著增加了梨单果质量,提高了梨产量,增加了果实中可溶性固形物含量,提高了果实糖酸比。【结论】连续4 a施用枝条堆肥改善了土壤的理化性质,促进了梨树根系生长,扩大梨树吸收根和粗根的分布范围与分布密度,提高了梨产量,改善了梨品质。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of compost made from pruning of pear pruning branches on the growth of pear roots in 4 consecutive years (year) and to study the feasibility of pruning of pruning branches of pear tree in pear orchards. 【Method】 Pear cultivars of ’Za Crisp’ were harvested from 10 years old in 2012-2015. According to the principles of equal nutrients and organic matter, fertilizers and sheep manure were used as control to study the effects of long-term application of branch compost on soil physical and chemical properties, Pear Root Growth and Distribution and Pear Yield and Quality. 【Result】 Compared with chemical fertilizers, the application of shoot compost increased the content of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil organic matter. The total root length, total surface area and root tips of pear roots increased with the application of shoot compost. The application of shoot compost increases the distribution density of root system in 0-40 cm, 120-160 cm, 160-200 cm, and 0-30 cm, and 30-60 cm vertical directions in the horizontal direction, especially in the 30-60 cm soil layer , And the distribution of absorbed roots under the branch compost treatment was the most significant. The application of shoot compost promoted the growth of the root of the absorption root, which was dominated by very fine roots. The application of shoot compost significantly increased the quality of pears, increased the yield of pear and increased the content of soluble solids Content, improve the ratio of sugar to acid fruit. 【Conclusion】 The application of branch compost for 4 consecutive days improved soil physical and chemical properties, promoted the growth of pear roots, enlarged the distribution range and distribution density of absorbed root and coarse root, increased pear yield and improved pear quality.