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对于明代广东海防三路的划分时间、过程,前人多止于郑若曾的《筹海图编》,认为始于嘉靖末年。新近鲁延召打破以往的认识格局,认为广东海防区域的划分始于元末,为刘鹗所提出。笔者通过对相关文献的对比分析,认为元末说值得商榷。郑若曾虽提出了三路划分的设想,但基于种种原因,其设想之真正实践乃经历了由二路到三路的复杂过程,至万历四年(1576年)才得以实现。在分析海防分路形成时不仅要考虑到其与明代岭南地区陆海防御重心时空格局的密迩关系,同时亦有必要将海防分路置于同北部边防分路比较的视野下考量。故此,本文通过对史料的分析解读,对相关问题再作探讨。
As for the division of time and process of Haiphong 3 Road in Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty, most of his predecessors had more than just “prepared plans for sea charting” written by Zheng Ruo-tsang, thinking that they started in the late Jiajing period. Recently, Lu called for breaking the previous pattern of understanding that the division of Haiphong in Guangdong began at the end of Yuan Dynasty and was proposed by Liu Xun. The author through the comparative analysis of relevant literature, that the end of yuan is debatable. Although Zheng Ruo-zeng proposed the idea of a three-way division, the real practice of his assumption, for various reasons, went through a complicated process from two to three, and was not realized until four years (1576). In the analysis of the formation of the branch of defense of Haiphong, it is necessary to consider not only the close relation between the space-time pattern of land-sea defense center of gravity in the Lingnan area in the Ming Dynasty and the consideration of the separation of the Haiphong branch from the comparison of the border defense with the northern part. Therefore, this article through the analysis of historical data interpretation, the relevant issues for further discussion.