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为减少土壤N_2O排放,提高作物氮素利用,采用田间试验法研究了不同氮肥用量喷涂一定比例的吡啶(0、180、270、360 kg N·hm~(-2))对夏玉米生育期内土壤N_2O排放和氮素表观损失、籽粒产量及氮素利用的影响.结果表明:不同氮肥用量下喷涂吡啶的土壤N_2O排放主要集中在播种-苗期和拔节-抽雄期,基肥和追肥后均会出现显著的土壤N_2O排放通量高峰.随氮肥用量增加,玉米产量不断增加,但270和360 kg N·hm~(-2)间无显著差异,2种施氮量下的玉米分别净增收5209和5426元·hm~(-2).与不施氮肥比,各施氮处理下的玉米籽粒吸氮量提高幅度为109.6%~134.1%.各处理间的氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率均以氮肥喷涂吡啶270 kg N·hm~(-2)较大,而土壤氮素表观损失较小.氮肥喷涂吡啶在270 kg N·hm~(-2)时玉米增产增收,氮肥利用效率较高,土壤N_2O排放和氮素表观损失较少,是一种较为合理的氮肥调控施用技术.
In order to reduce soil N 2 O emission and increase nitrogen utilization of crops, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of spraying different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of summer maize Soil N 2 O emission, apparent nitrogen loss, grain yield and nitrogen utilization.The results showed that the N 2 O emission of sprayed soil under different nitrogen application rates mainly concentrated in sowing-seedling stage and jointing-tasselling stage, There was a significant peak of soil N 2 O fluxes. With the increase of N application rate, the yield of maize increased continuously, but there was no significant difference between 270 and 360 kg N · hm -2 of maize. 5209 and 5426 yuan · hm -2, respectively.The nitrogen uptake by maize was increased from 109.6% to 134.1% for all N treatments compared with no nitrogen application.The N application efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency The results showed that 270 kg N · hm -2 of pyridine was sprayed with nitrogen fertilizer, while the apparent loss of soil nitrogen was small. When nitrogen was sprayed on 270 kg N · hm -2 of pyridine, the yield and yield of nitrogen increased High, soil N 2 O emissions and apparent loss of nitrogen is less, is a more reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer regulation and control technology.