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受教育权是国际人权公约的重要组成部分,我国先后加入的联合国《儿童权利公约》和《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》均通过国家义务的形式保障个人的受教育权,提供全面免费的初等教育是缔约国的“最低限度核心义务”。全面意味着平等,免费意味着受教育者没有任何经济负担。我国宪法和义务教育法在立法层面均履行了人权公约的要求,但现行义务教育经费“以户籍地为主”、“以县为主”制度则导致农村流动儿童无法真正享受平等、免费的义务教育。为了使我国儿童都能平等享有受教育权,必须完善现行义务教育公共财政制度。
The right to education is an important part of the international covenants on human rights. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to which China has acceded to, have guaranteed the right to education of all individuals in the form of State obligations. They are fully free Primary education is the State party’s “minimum core obligations.” Total means equal, free means that educated people do not have any financial burden. The constitution of our country and the compulsory education law all fulfill the requirements of the convention on human rights at the legislative level. However, the current compulsory education fund “mainly from household land” and “county-based” system lead to the fact that migrant rural children can not really enjoy equality , Free compulsory education. In order for our children to enjoy the equal right to education, we must perfect the current public financial system of compulsory education.