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在明清时期的安多藏区,藏传佛教是社会基本道德规范的制定者与维护者,发挥着非正式社会控制的作用。在实行政教合一的地方,藏传佛教机构更是掌握着民政、军事与司法大权的现实统治机关,形成正式的社会控制。除此之外,藏传佛教僧侣,尤其是高僧大德作为社会控制者,因其作为宗教上的上师所具有的权威性以及宣扬“菩提行”而作为众生“怙主”的地位,使其具有相对于传统的部落头人作为社会控制者而不具有的超然性与崇高性,在社会纠纷裁决与调解中具有更强的功能。
In the Anduo Tibetan areas of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tibetan Buddhism was the maker and defender of the basic social morality and played the role of informal social control. Where the integration of politics and religion is practiced, Tibetan Buddhist institutions are the real governing organs that control the power of civil affairs, military affairs and judiciary, forming a formal social control. In addition, Tibetan Buddhist monks, especially monks and great monks, as social controllers, are regarded as “sentient beings” because of their authority as religious gurus and the promotion of “Bodhi Lines” So that it possesses the superiority and loftyness it does not have as a social controller over the traditional tribal people and has stronger functions in the adjudication and mediation of social disputes.