很长时间以来人们便已承认，人类学在社会科学学科中的与众不同之处在于以人种志的实地调查工作为其基础。但是，这一基础的意义在最近几十年中已有了变化，因为人类学文章越来越多地为那些被调查对象所阅读并作出了反应。人类学著作读者群的扩大使人类学知识以一种新奇的方式引起了人们的争议，使人种志学者在应当采取当地观点（ｎａｔｉｖｅ＿ｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｖｉｅｗ）的概念上的矛盾爆了光。当地观点是长期以来被人们所珍视的，哪怕这还仅仅是一种未经考察过的愿望。人类学正在发生变化，既离开系统的整体化，又脱离语言模式的支配，这就为该学科带来了新的风险和希望 It has long been recognized that anthropology’s distinctiveness in the social sciences lies in the fact that it is based on ethnographic in situ investigations. However, the significance of this foundation has changed in recent decades as anthropological articles are increasingly read and responded to by those surveyed. The expansion of readership in anthropological writings has led anthropological knowledge to controversy in a novel way that has elicited a burst of ethnographic inconsistencies among ethnographers over the need to adopt a native point of view. Local opinion has long been valued by people, even if it is merely an unadulterated wish. Anthropology is changing, leaving both the system as a whole and the language model as the discipline, creating new risks and hopes for the discipline