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以土质文物本体为模拟对象,采用土柱实验的方法,对比研究了由敦煌土制备的土柱中氯化钠(NaCl)和硫酸钠(Na_2SO_4)在土柱中的迁移速率,计算得到了氯化钠和硫酸钠在土柱中的表观迁移速率。在各种运移方式中,氯化钠的表观迁移速率均较硫酸钠大。氯化钠和硫酸钠在重力作用下自上而下运移时的表观迁移速率较自下而上饱和自然吸附运移时大。SO_4~(2-)受土质胶体的吸附作用大,加之硫酸钠晶型结构多变,其溶解度随温度升高变化剧烈。上述多重因素在温度交变、干湿循环等环境因素作用下,既导致了硫酸钠在土柱中的运移速率的下降,又同时对土柱造成严重粉化和结构破坏,进而影响到土质文物本体的保护。
Using the soil artifacts as a simulation object, the soil column experiment was used to compare the migration rates of sodium chloride (Na_2SO_4) and sodium sulfate (Na_2SO_4) in the soil column prepared from Dunhuang soil. Apparent migration rate of sodium and sodium sulphate in soil column. In all modes of transport, the apparent rate of sodium chloride migration than sodium sulfate. Apparent migration rate of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate when transported from top to bottom under gravity is larger than that from the bottom to the top when they are naturally adsorbed and transported. The adsorption of SO_4 ~ (2-) by soil colloids is great, and the crystal structure of sodium sulfate is varied, the solubility of SO_4 ~ (2-) changes drastically with the increase of temperature. Under the action of environmental factors such as temperature alternation, wet-dry cycle and other environmental factors, the multiple factors mentioned above not only lead to the decrease of the transport rate of sodium sulfate in the soil column, but also cause severe chalking and structural damage to the soil column, Protection of cultural relics.