任何学习行为的首要目的,在于它将来能为我们服务,而不在于它可能带来的乐趣.学习不但应该把我们带往某处,而且还应该让我们日后再继续前进时更为容易.学习为将来服务有两种方式.一种方式是通过它对某些工作的特殊适用性,而这些工作则同原先学做的工作十分相似.心理学家把这种现象称为训练的特殊迁移;也许应该把这种现象称作习惯或联想的延伸.它的效用好像大体上限于我们通常所讲的技能,已经学会怎样敲钉子,往后我 The primary purpose of any learning behavior is that it will serve us in the future, not in the amount of fun it may bring. Learning should not only take us somewhere, but it should also make it easier for us to move on in the future. There are two ways to serve the future: one is through its particular applicability to certain jobs that are very similar to those originally learned, and psychologists refer to this phenomenon as a special migration of training; Perhaps this phenomenon should be called an extension of habit or association, and its utility seems to be largely limited to what we usually speak of, how we have learned to nail, and I