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采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）直接从麻疹疫苗沪191株、Edmonston株以及临床麻疹患者的含漱液和咽拭子中检测出635bp的特异性H基因目的条带；而对风疹病毒和流行性感冒甲1型、甲3型、乙型病毒均未检测到相应条带。通过对RT－PCR产物的第2次扩增，可以使检测的灵敏度达到0.01TCID50。针对麻疹患者发病初期血清中IgM抗体阳性率偏低的特点，可以利用该方法的特异性和敏感性对临床麻疹病例作辅助处理。“,”Using RT-PCR, we can detect measles virus hemagglutinin gene (H gene) of 635bp length directly from measles vaccine strain Shanghai-191, Edmonston strain, nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat swabs of the measles patients. The primers of RT-PCR based on H gene sequence of measles virus did not give the same products from rubella virus and influenza viruses (A1, A3, B). By second PCR amplification, the minimum quantity of measles virus required to give a positive signal was<0.01TCID50. Since the IgM antibody positive rate in early stage of measles patients is always low, the specificity and sensitivity of RT-PCR method may help diagnosing measles cases.