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义利之辨是中国伦理思想史的一个基本问题,它发端于春秋,至战国成为诸子伦理思想的一个基本理论问题,以后又一直贯穿于中国伦理思想史的全部进程。义利之辨作为道德价值观,规定了人们的价值取向和行为方针,指导着人们选择何种行为规范,追求什么样的理想人格,最后还在很大程度上左右着人们的道德修养,因而在伦理思想中居有十分重要的地位。在中国伦理思想史上,义和利这对范畴包含两层意义:(一)道德行为和物质利益的关系,这里所谓“义”,是指道德行为之当然;所谓“利”,是指物质利益。利又有私利、公利之分,凡是追求个人物质利益,并且损害民族和国家利益的,称之为私利,凡是追求阶级、国家和民族利益的,称之为公利;(二)动机和效果的关系,凡是强调“义”,主张以“义”为评判道德行为标准,只管道德动机,而不问行为效果的,属于动机论者;凡是强调“利”,主张以“利”作为评价行为善恶标准,只管行为效果。而不问道德动机的,属于效果论者。义利之辨的实质,归根到底是如何处理个人利益与整体利益即公与
Distinguishing between justice and profit is a basic issue in the history of Chinese ethics. It originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period became a basic theoretical issue of the philosophical thought of the sages, which has been running through the whole process of the history of Chinese ethical ideology ever since. Distinguishing between morality and righteousness as ethical values, setting people’s values and behavior guidelines, guiding people to choose what kind of behavioral norms, the pursuit of what kind of ideal personality, and finally still largely affect people’s morality and therefore ethics There is a very important position in the mind. In the history of Chinese ethics, righteousness and benefit include two meanings for the category: (1) the relationship between moral behavior and material interests, where “righteousness” refers to the moral behavior of course; “profit” refers to the material interests . Lee also has its own private interests and public interests. Those who pursue individual material interests and harm the interests of the nation and the state are called private interests and are called public interests who seek the interests of the class, country and nation. (2) Motives and effects Anyone who emphasizes “righteousness” and advocates “righteousness” as the criterion of judging moral behavior only moral motivation and does not ask for the effect of behavior belongs to the motivation theory. Anyone who emphasizes “profit” and advocates using “profit” as evaluation behavior Evil standards, as long as the behavioral effects. Without moral motivation, it is an effectist. The essence of the difference between righteousness and profit is, in the final analysis, how to deal with personal interests and the overall interests of the public