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目的探讨青海省鼠疫菌株生物学特点及流行病学意义,为鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法对2003~2012年青海省分离的鼠疫菌株进行生化及糖醇类酵解试验、毒力因子检查和毒力测定。结果根据生化分型指标,131株被试菌株中120株为青藏高原型,3株为祁连山型,其余8株菌与青海省疫源地生态型菌株均不相同。被试100株代表菌株均能产Fl抗原和PstⅠ,均具有VW抗原因子;Pgm+菌株占95.00%(95/100),Pgm±菌株占4.00%(4/100),Pgm-菌株占1.00%(1/100)。毒力测定结果显示,最小致死量(MLD)均在10 000个菌以下,均为强毒株。结论青海高原喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地2003~2012年分离的鼠疫菌具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特性,鼠疫菌的毒力强,对人的健康威胁严重。
Objective To investigate the biological characteristics and epidemiological significance of plague strains in Qinghai Province and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods The biochemical and alditolysis test, virulence factor test and virulence test of plague strains isolated in Qinghai from 2003 to 2012 were carried out. Results According to the index of biochemical classification, 120 strains of 131 tested strains were of Qinghai-Tibet plateau type, 3 were of Qilian mountain type, and the other 8 strains were different from those of ecotypes in Qinghai Province. 100 strains of representative test strains were able to produce Fl antigen and PstⅠ, both of which had VW antigens; Pgm + strains accounted for 95.00% (95/100), Pgm ± strains accounted for 4.00% (4/100), Pgm-strains accounted for 1.00% 1/100). Toxicity test results showed that the minimum lethal dose (MLD) were below 10,000 bacteria, are virulent strains. Conclusion Yersinia pestis isolated from the natural foci of the Himalayan Plague in Qinghai Plateau from 2003 to 2012 possesses the characteristics of plague pathogens in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plague virulence is strong and the human health threat is serious.