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目的了解和掌握云南省景洪市鼠疫疫情现状,为制定鼠疫防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2003-2012年间,在全市范围内每年设固定监测点1个,每月开展监测,流动监测点每月1~2个,开展鼠疫宿主及媒介监测。宿主动物监测采用笼(夹)夜法,常规方法梳检鼠体寄生蚤,地面游离蚤采用粘蚤纸法捡集。所获鼠血清进行间接血凝试验(IHA)检测鼠疫F1抗体;鼠脏器、蚤标本分别进行鼠疫细菌学分离培养。结果 2003-2012年共捕获鼠5种5657只,鼠密度在2.30%~6.57%之间,总鼠密度4.01%,其中黄胸鼠占99.82%(5647/5657)。染蚤鼠数为753只,染蚤率4.06%~25.34%之间,总染蚤率13.31%,获蚤1784匹,蚤指数在0.11~0.80之间,鼠体总蚤指数0.32。其中印鼠客蚤934匹,占52.35%,黄胸鼠印鼠客蚤总指数0.17(934/5647)。共布放粘蚤纸45 473张,获蚤3种7526匹,平均地面游离蚤指数为0.17。其中印鼠客蚤地面游离蚤指数在0~0.034之间。对5657只剖检的鼠脏器进行鼠疫细菌学分离培养,检出鼠疫菌6株,检菌率为0.11%;IHA 2896份,阳性16份,阳性率为0.55%。反向血凝试验(RIHA)108份,阳性4份,阳性率为3.7%。鼠体蚤、地面游离蚤标本经鼠疫细菌学检验,均为阴性。结论景洪市动物间鼠疫仍时有发生,应加强监测,定期开展群众性灭鼠灭蚤及健康教育工作,有效控制动物鼠疫发生,防止波及人间。
Objective To understand and grasp the current situation of plague in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control measures of plague. Methods Between 2003 and 2012, one fixed monitoring point was set up in the whole city, and monthly monitoring was carried out. The monitoring points for flow were 1 to 2 per month, and host and media monitoring of plague were carried out. Host animal monitoring using cage (folder) night method, the conventional method of grooming rats parasitic flea, free flea on the ground using sticky flea paper collection. The obtained serum was subjected to indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) to test the F1 antibody against plague; the organ and flea specimens of rats were respectively subjected to plague isolation and culture. Results A total of 5657 mice were collected from 2003 to 2012, with rat densities between 2.30% and 6.57% and total rat density 4.01%. Rattus flavipectus accounted for 99.82% (5647/5657). The number of fleas was 753, the rate of stained flea was 4.06% ~ 25.34%, the total stained flea rate was 13.31%. The number of fleas was 1784, the flea index was 0.11 ~ 0.80, and the total flea index was 0.32. Among them, 934 were Indian fleas, accounting for 52.35%. The total flea flea index was 0.17 (934/5647). A total of 45 473 sticky cobwebs were distributed, and 3 7526 fleas were obtained, with an average ground flea index of 0.17. Among them, the free flea index of Indian rat fleas was between 0 and 0.034. Sixty-five (5657) animals were dissected and plague isolated. Six strains of Yersinia pestis were detected with the rate of 0.11%. The number of IHA was 2896, the positive rate was 0.55%. Reverse hemagglutination test (RIHA) 108, 4 were positive, the positive rate was 3.7%. Mouse fleas, ground fleas fleas by plague bacteriology test, were negative. Conclusions Plague of animals in Jinghong City still occurs occasionally. Monitoring should be stepped up and mass decontamination and flea prevention and health education should be carried out on a regular basis so as to effectively control the occurrence of plague in animals and prevent spread to humans.