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学生学习电场强度、电势能、电势等重要的基础概念,大多感到不好理解。特别是对在正、负电荷形成的电场中,各点电势的正负和检验电荷的电势能的正负之间的关系,电场力对正、负电荷做功的正负和它们的电势能增减之间的关系,以及它们所在的起始位置和终止位置的电势高低的关系(是顺着或最逆着电力线移动电荷)等有关结论,总是混淆不清,难于记住。在运用有关这方面知识时,往往不知从何着手。因此必须教会学生如何掌握这些基础知识的方法。即在学生对电场强度、电势能、电势等知识有了初步了解后,应给学生进行系统小结,再教学生推导,在正、负电荷形成的电场中移动正、负电荷时电场力做功的各个结论。这样就能使学生加深理解,便于记忆,提高逻辑推理能力,作到迅速准确解答有关问题。具体教法如下。
Students learn most important basic concepts such as electric field strength, potential energy, and electric potential, and most of them feel uncomfortable to understand. In particular, in the electric field formed by positive and negative charges, the relationship between the positive and negative potential of each point and the positive and negative potential energy of the test charge, the positive and negative power of the electric field force for positive and negative charges, and their potential energy increase. The relationship between the reductions, and the relationship between the potentials at which they are located at the starting and ending positions (which is the movement of charges along the line or against the power line) are always confusing and hard to remember. When using this knowledge, I often do not know where to start. Therefore, students must be taught how to master these basic knowledge methods. That is, after students have a preliminary understanding of the electric field strength, potential energy, potential and other knowledge, they should give students a systematic summary, and then teach students to deduct, in the electric field formed by positive and negative charges, the electric field force work when the positive and negative charges are moved. in conclusion. This will enable students to deepen their understanding, be easy to remember, improve their logical reasoning skills, and be able to quickly and accurately answer questions. The specific teachings are as follows.