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权利冲突是法治领域中的一个世界性问题,如何解决权利冲突也就成为世界各国所要竭力面对的问题。紧急避险制度就是解决权利冲突问题的一个极为典型的制度安排。这一制度既以立法的形式规定在法律体系中,也是在司法过程中判定和解决权利冲突问题的有效制度。在世界多数国家,法律中都规定有紧急避险制度。有的规定在刑法中,有的规定在民法中,有的是刑法、民法兼而有之。对紧急避险的制度规定和法理依据进行探讨,并以中国司法实践中的几个刑民案例作为实证,来探讨紧急避险这一制度在解决权利冲突案件时所发挥的作用。
Conflict of rights is a worldwide issue in the field of rule of law. How to resolve the conflict of rights has also become a problem that every country in the world should make every effort to face. The emergency hedging system is an extremely typical institutional arrangement for resolving the conflict of rights. This system not only stipulates the effective system of judging and settling the conflict of rights in the legal system but also in the judicial process in the form of legislation. In most countries in the world, the law provides for an emergency hedging system. Some provisions in the criminal law, some provisions in civil law, some criminal law, civil law both. This article also discusses the institutional provisions and jurisprudence of emergency avoidance, and takes several cases of criminal cases as examples in China’s judicial practice to explore the role of the system of emergency avoidance in settling rights conflicts.